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TUGAS AKHIR

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU GUNUNG BERAPI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIFAT PROPERTIES TANAH LEMPUNG LUNAK DAERAH TANJUNG MORAWA

Karya Tulis Ini Adalah Merupakan Salah Satu Persyaratan Untuk 

Memenuhi Gelar Ahli Madya Bidang Teknik Sipil

 

Oleh :

MHD SYAHRI ARIF

5123210023

PROGRAM STUDI D3 TEKNIK SIPIL

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK BANGUNAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

2015

ABSTRACT

Mhd Syahri Arif. NIM 5123210023. The Influence of The Addition of Volcanic Ash To Change The Nature of Loam Land Properties Software To The Cape Morawa . Final Project. Faculty of Engineering. State University of Medan.

The purpose of this thesis was to determine how much influence the addition of volcanic ash with the soft clay of the changing nature of the properties for the region Tanjung Morawa . With this thesis , the author is expected to understand the effect when the addition of a mixture of volcanic ash (volcanic ash), which is as a medium of stabilizers on the.

As for the method of research that can be done to the influence of the change of soil mounds of soft clays was coupled with the volcanic ash medium on a mixture of 10%, 15% and 20% which is as a stabilizer. And the process of research is being done in the examination that tests the limit of atterberg's examination test includes the value of the limit of liquid (Liquid Limit), the limits of plastis (Plastic Limit), the limits of shrinkage (Shrinkage Limit), the plasticity index (Indekx Plasticity), and checks on gravity (Specific Gravity) of soft clay ground. Where such changes can be viewed  from the change of values at the time of the calculation result. Changes to the ups and downs of a value may affect a construction hoarding when soil clays soft on the mountain ash.

The calculation result is obtained from the calculations that test the limits of mixed liquid at 10% obtained results average liquid limit of 42%, mix 15% get the liquid limit average 34% and 20% for mixed results average liquid limit of 37%. Where reduction occurs on average with a larger number of rulers , while to test the limits of the plastis analysis results the values obtained on a mixture of 10% obtain an average result limit plastis 29,52%, 15% for mixed results the average limit plastis 24,72% and 20% for mixed results the average limit plastis 32.50%. Where occurs the addition on the average value by the number of the larger measure. And to test the limits of a shrink value analysis results obtained on a mixture of 10% get the average limits shrink 8,98%, 15% for mixed results the average limits shrink 8,46% and a rate of 20% to get the average limit 7,05% shrinkage which occurs a decrease. From the results of calculations can be concluded that the specific gravity test result is obtained upon mixing of the clay original software has an average yield of 2.0158%, and the mixture of 10% had an average yield of 2.2498%, to a mixture of 15% have the result of the average value of 2.2895%, while for a mixture of 20% has an average value of the results of 2.3120%. Of each dose of each sequentially an increase in the numbers of each dose.

Keywords: mountain ash volcano, loam soft, a stabilizer, atterberg limit, properties.

DAFTAR ISI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

HALAMAN JUDUL.............................................................................................................................. i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN................................................................................................................ ii

ABSTRAK........................................................................................................................................... iii 

KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................................................ v

DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................................................... vii

MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN..................................................................................................x       

DAFTAR GRAFIK...............................................................................................................................xi

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................................................ xv

DAFTAR  NOTASI  DAN  SINGKATAN........................................................................................ xix

BAB 1.  PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................................................

1.1         Latar Belakang Masalah............................................................................................... 

1.2         Identifikasi Masalah...................................................................................................... 

1.3         Batasan Masalah........................................................................................................... 

1.4         Rumusan Masalah......................................................................................................... 

1.5         Tujuan Penulisan.......................................................................................................... 

1.6         Manfaat penulisan......................................................................................................... 

BAB II. LANDASAN TEORI.............................................................................................................. 

2.1  Tanah................................................................................................................................ 

2.1.1 Berat Volume Tanah dan

         Hubungan - Hubungannya................................................................................... 

2.1.2  Analisis Ukuran Butiran.................................................................................... 

1)        Tanah Berbutir Kasar................................................................................... 

2)        Tanah Berbutir Halus....................................................................................

2.1.3  Klasifikasi Tanah.................................................................................................

1)        Tanah Berdasarkan Tekstur..........................................................................

2)        Tanah Berdasarkan Unified System.............................................................

3)        Tanah Berdasarkan Sistem AASHTO..........................................................

2.2  Tanah Lempung Lunak....................................................................................................

2.2.1   Identifikasi Tanah lempung................................................................................

2.2.2   Struktur Komposisi Mineral lempung.................................................................

2.2.3   Sifat  Tanah Lempung..........................................................................................

2.2.4  Pengaruh Air Pada Tanah lempung ..................................................................

2.3   Berat Jenis Test (Spesific Gravity Test) pada Campuran................................................

2.4   Batas Konsistensi Tanah (Atterberg Limit)....................................................................

2.4.1  Batas Cair (Liquid Limit).....................................................................................

2.4.2  Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit).................................................................................

2.4.3  Batas Susut( Shrinkage Limit).............................................................................

2.4.4  Indeks Plastisitas (Plasticity Indekx)...................................................................

2.5  Sifat Properties....................................................................................................................

2.6  Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash) .............................................................................................

2.6.1  Pembentukan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash)..........................................................

2.6.2  Properties Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash) ...............................................................

2.6.3  Fisik Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash)........................................................................

2.6.4  Morfologi.................................................................................................................

2.6.5 Filler Abu Gunung (Volcani  Ash).........................................................................

BAB III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN..............................................................................................

3.1   Umum.................................................................................................................................

3.2  Metode Pengujian Laboratorium.......................................................................................

3.3  Alat dan Bahan ..................................................................................................................

3.3.1  Alat .........................................................................................................................

3.3.2  Bahan .....................................................................................................................

3.4  Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian............................................................................................

3.5  Hasil Pencampuran Adukan Tanah Lempung Lunak dan

       Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash)..............................................................................................

3.6  Benda Uji.............................................................................................................................

3.7  Langkah-langkah Pengujian Laboratorium.....................................................................

3.7.1  Analisa Saringan Agregat.....................................................................................

3.7.2  Test Berat Jenis Campuran Tanah dan Abu Gunung 

          (Volcanic Ash).........................................................................................................

3.7.3  Analisa Batas-Batas Atterberg  Limit.........................................................................................................................

1)        Test Batas Cair (Liquid Limit)........................................................................

2)        Test Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit)....................................................................

3)        Test Batas Susut  (Shrinkage Limit)...............................................................

BAB IV.  HASIL DATA PENELITIAN..................................................................................................

4.1  Analisa Pencampuran pada Tanah dan Abu Volcanic Ash.............................................

4.2  Analisa Saringan Agregat..................................................................................................

4.3  Test Berat Jenis Campuran Tanah dan Abu Volcanic Ash..............................................

4.4      Analisa Batas-Batas Atterberg Limit...............................................................................

4.4.1  Test Batas Cair (Liquid Limit)..............................................................................

4.4.2  Test Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit)..........................................................................

4.4.3  Test Batas Susut  (Shrinkage Limit).....................................................................

BAB V.  KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..................................................................................................

5.1 Kesimpulan...........................................................................................................................

5.2 Saran.....................................................................................................................................

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...............................................................................................................................

DOCUMENTASI.....................................................................................................................................

 

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1.        Simbol-simbol Pada System Klasifikasi Tanah Unified................................................

Tabel 2.2.        System Klasifikasi Tanah Unified...................................................................................

Tabel 2.3.        System Klasifikasi Tanah AASHTO...............................................................................

Tabel 2.4.        Sifat Tanah Lempung......................................................................................................

Tabel 2.5.        Berat Jenis Tanah Specific Gravity Test........................................................................

Tabel 2.6.        Nilai Indeks Plastisitas dan Macam Tanah....................................................................

Tabel 2.7.        Kandungan Oksida Abu Volcanic Ash Menurut

                        ASTM C 618-78................................................................................................................

Tabel 3.1.        Hasil Takaran Bahan Pengujian....................................................................................

Tabel 3.2.        Hasil Benda Uji Analisis Saringan Agregat..................................................................

Tabel 3.3.        Hasil Benda Uji Analisis Berat Jenis

                        (Spesific Gravity Test)......................................................................................................

Tabel 3.4.        Hasil Benda Uji Atterberg Limit.....................................................................................

Tabel 3.5.        Pengujian Analisis Saringan Agregat............................................................................

Tabel 3.6.        Correction Factor (CF) yang Berlaku di Indonesia......................................................

Tabel 3.7.        Correction Factor (CF) yang Berlaku di Amerika........................................................

Tabel 3.8.        Form  Pengujian pada Test Berat Jenis

                        (Spesific Gravity Test)......................................................................................................

Tabel 3.9.        Form Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit Test)...........................................................

Tabel 3.10.      Form pengujian Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit Test)........................................................

Tabel 3.11.      Form Pengujian Batas Susut (Shrinkage Limit Test)....................................................

Tabel 4.1.        Form Hasil Pencampuran Bahan pengujian.................................................................

Tabel 4.2.        Analisis keseragaman Saringan Agregat.......................................................................

Tabel 4.3.        Data Hasil Ahkir Perhitungan Berat Jenis (Specific Gravity) pada  

                        Tanah lempung Lunak, 0% ............................................................................................

Tabel 4.4.        Data Hasil Akhir Perhitungan Berat Jenis (Specific Gravity) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 10%....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.5.        Data Hasil Ahkir Perhitungan Berat Jenis (Specific Gravity)  pada Campuran  Tanah lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 15%....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.6.        Data Hasil Akhir Perhitungan Berat Jenis (Specific Gravity) pada Campuran Tanah lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 20%.....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.7.        Analisis Perhitungan Nilai Berat Jenis Tanah (Specific Gravity Test) Pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak 0% dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 10%, 15% dan 20%.............................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.8.        Hasil Analisis Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Tanah Lempung Lunak, 0% .....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.9.        Hasil Perhitungan Batas Cair (Liqiud Limit) pada Tanah Lempung Lunak,  

                        0%.....................................................................................................................................

Tabe 4.10.       Hasil Analisis Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran  Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 10%.....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.11.      Hasil Perhitungan Batas Cair (Liqiud Limit) pada campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash,) 10%....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.12.      Hasil  Analisis Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 15%....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.13.      Hasil Perhitungan Batas Cair (Liqiud Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 15%....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.14.      Hasil Analisis Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 20%....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.15.      Hasil Perhitungan Pengujian (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 20%.....................................................................................................................................

Tabel 4.16.      Pengujian Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit), Takaran 0%...................................................

Tabel 4.17.      Pengujian Batas Plastis (Plastic  Limit), Takaran 10%................................................

Tabel 4.18.      Pengujian Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit), Takaran 15%.................................................

Tabel 4.19.      Pengujian Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit ). Takaran 20%................................................

Tabel 4.20.      Analisis Perhitungan Nilai Batas Susut (Shrinkage Limit) pada Tanah lempung Lunak Takaran 0%...........................................................................................................

 

 

    DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 4.2. Perubahan Perilaku Nilai Berat Jenis Tanah (Spesific Grafity Test) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak Asli  dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash) 10%, 15%  dan 20%.......................

 

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1.    Diagram Fase Tanah................................................................................................

Gambar 2.2.    Analisis Distribusi Ukuran Butiran............................................................................

Gambar 2.3.    Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Tekstur oleh USDA.............................................................

Gambar 2.4.    Plastisitas untuk Klasifikasi Tanah berdasarkan

SistemUnified.....................................................................................

Jambar 2.5. Plastisitas untuk Klasifikasi Tanah berdasarkanSistem 

 AASHTO................................................................................................................

Gambar 2.6.    Gumpalan Tanah Lempung, kondisi basah.................................................................

Gambar 2.7.    Single Silica Tetrahedral........................................................................................

Gambar 2.8.    Isometric Silica Sheet.............................................................................................

Gambar 2.9.    Single Aluminium Octahedron................................................................................

Gambar 2.10. Isometric Octahedral Sheet.....................................................................................

Gambar 2.11.  Struktur Kaolinite..................................................................................................

Gambar 2.12.  Struktur Montmorillonite.......................................................................................

Gambar 2.13.  Struktur Illite..........................................................................................................

Gambar 2.14.  Batas-batas Konsistensi Tanah.................................................................................

Gambar 2.15.  Skema Alat Uji Batas Cair.......................................................................................

Gambar 2.16.  Definisi Batas Susut..................................................................................................

Gambar 2.17.  Variasi Volume dan Kadar Air pada Kedudukan Batas Cair,

Batas plastis, dan Batas Susut..................................................................................

Gambar 2.18.  Butiran Abu Volcanic Murni.............................................................. 32

Gambar 3.1.    Bagan Alir Metode Pelaksaan............................................................ 38

Gambar 4.1.    Hasil Analisis Saringan Agregat......................................................... 58

Gambar 4.2.    Perubahan Perilaku Berat Jenis Tanah (Specific Gravity Test) pada Tanah Lempung Lunak, 0%............................................................................................................ 60

Gambar 4.3.    Perubahan Perilaku Berat Jenis Tanah (Specific Gravity Test) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 10%................................... 61

Gambar 4.4.    Perubahan Perilaku Berat Jenis Tanah (Specific Gravity Test) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 15%................................... 62

Gambar 4.5.    Perubahan Perilaku Berat Jenis Tanah (Specific Gravity Test) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 20%................................... 63

Gambar 4.6.    Garis Sumbu Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Tanah Lempung Lunak, 0 %           65

Gambar 4.7.    Garis Sumbu Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 10 %.................................................... 68

Gambar 4.8.    Garis Sumbu Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 15 %.................................................... 71

Gambar 4.9.    Garis Sumbu Pengujian Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) pada Campuran Tanah Lempung Lunak dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash), 20 %.................................................... 74

Gambar 4.10.  Perubahan Perilaku Nilai Batas Cair (Liquid Limit) Tanah Lempung Lunak 0% dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash) pada Campuran 10%, 15% dan 20%........... 94

Gambar 4.11.  Perubahan Perilaku Nilai Batas Plastis (Plastic Limit) Tanah Lempung Lunak 0% dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash) pada Campuran 10%, 15% dan 20%........... 95

Gambar 4.12.  Perubahan Perilaku Nilai Batas Susut (Shrinkage Limit) Tanah Lempung Lunak 0% dan Abu Gunung (Volcanic Ash) pada Campuran 10%, 15% dan 20%........... 96

Gambar 5.1.    Lokasi pengambilan bongkahan tanah lempung di jalan lintasan, Sumut       100

Gambar 5.2.    Butiran Abu Gunung (Vulkanik Ash) lolos ayakan dengan No. 200.. 100

Gambar 5.3.    Butiran Tanah Lempung Lunak lolos ayakan dengan No. 40............ 100

Gambar 5.4.    Benda uji dengan lolos ayakan masing-masing.................................. 101

Gambar 5.5.    Kondisi pada saat pencampuran benda uji dengan berat kapasitas 1.000 gram         101

Gambar 5.6.    Benda Uji setelah Pencampuran pada takaran 10%,15% dan 20% dengan berat masing-masing 1.000 gram.......................................................................................... 101

Gambar 5.7.    Proses Penjemuran Tanah................................................................... 101

Gambar 5.8.    Timbangan (balance), dengan ketelitian 0,01 pada Saringan Agregat           101

Gambar 5.9.    Mesin Shave Shaker & Satu set saringan .......................................... 102

Gambar 5.10. Hasil Proses Saringan......................................................................... 102

Gambar 5.11. Pycnometer kapasitas 500 ml, Thermometer, ukur 0^o - 100^oC, &  Botol tempat air suling/air mineral................................................................................................ 102

Gambar 5.12. Timbangan (balance), dengan ketelitian 0,01 pada Spesific............... 102

Gambar 5.13.  Bak perendam (Suhu dingin)............................................................. 102

Gambar 5.14.  Pompa vakum udara........................................................................... 102

Gambar 5.15. Proses Pemompaan Sampel Uji pada vakum udara............................ 103

Gambar 5.16.  Proses Pengukuran Pycnometer Kapasitas 500 ml + Air Mineral...... 103

Gambar 5.17. Proses memasukkan Sampel Uji pada Pycnometer............................ 103

Gambar 5.18. Pengecekan Sampel Uji pada bak Perendam..................................... 103

Gambar 5.19. Satu set peralatan Pengujian Batas Cair + Sampel dengan takaran 10%        103

Gambar 5.20.  Hasil Beberapa sampel Pengujian Batas Cair + Sampel dengan takaran 10%            103

Gambar 5.21.  Satu set peralatan Pengujian Batas Cair + Sampel dengan takaran 15%        104

Gambar 5.22.  Hasil Beberapa sampel Pengujian Batas Cair + Sampel dengan takaran 15%            104

Gambar 5.23. Satu set peralatan  Pengujian Batas Cair + Sampel dengan takaran 20%       104

Gambar 5.24. Hasil Beberapa sampel Pengujian Batas Cair + Sampel dengan takaran 20 %            104

Gambar 5.25.  Timbangan (balance), dengan ketelitian 0,01 pada Test Batas Cair.. 104

Gambar 5.26.  Oven dengan suhu 30°C - 200°C....................................................... 104

Gambar 5.27.  Proses Pengeringan sampel uji kedalam Oven dengan suhu 30°C - 200°C    105

Gambar 5.28. Satu set Peralatan Pengujian pada Batas Plastis................................ 105

Gambar 5.29.  Bola-bola gumpalan pada sampel benda uji....................................... 105

Gambar 5.30.  penggelengan setelah penggumpalan pada sampel benda uji............. 105

Gambar 5.31.  Proses penggelengan untuk mencari ketebalan diameter 3 mm pada benda uji          106

Gambar 5.32.  Proses Penyusutan Kadar air setelah penggelengan mencapai 3 mm. 106

Gambar 5.33.  Peralatan pengujian pada Test Batas Susut seperti Cawan porselen, Vaselin (Petrolium Jelly), Pisau perata (Straight Edge)............................................................... 106

Gambar 5.34. Timbangan dengan ketelitian 0,01 gram............................................. 106

Gambar 5.35. Proses adukan benda uji butiran tanah menggunakan Mangkok Porselin Ø44,4 mm            106

Gambar 5.36. Benda uji setelah tercampur dengan air mineral yang teraduk menjadi rata   106

Gambar 5.37. proses pengentakkan benda uji dengan Cawan Porselen setelah....... 107

Gambar 5.38. Oven dengan suhu 30°C - 200°C ...................................................... 107

Gambar 5.39. Benda uji keadaan sampel basah........................................................ 107

Gambar 5.40. Benda uji dalam keadaan sample kering (Susut)................................ 107

Gambar 5.41.  Satu set Peralatan Pengujian pada Batas Susut, Seperti: Kuas kecil, cawan susut atau Porselin atau Monel berbentuk bulat dengan atas datar, berdiameter ± 4,44 cm dan tinggi ± 1,27 cm, mangkok Porselin Ø44,4 mm (1,75”), Air Raksa (Mercury), dan Spatel        107

Gambar 5.42.  Air Raksa (Mercury)........................................................................... 108

Gambar 5.43.  Keadaan Pratikum.............................................................................. 108

Gambar 5.44.  Proses menimbang berat jenis air raksa............................................. 108